| Abstract | Zidane konstrukcije su najstariji građevinski objekti koji još uvijek nalaze široku primjenu u
današnjoj građevinskoj industriji. Zidanje podrazumijeva gradnju konstrukcija od pojedinačnih
dijelova koji su često položeni jedan preko drugoga i povezani mortom. Uobičajeni materijali za
zidanje su opeka, građevinski kamen, betonski blokovi, te porobetonski i stakleni blokovi.
Zidane građevine su općenito vrlo izdržljiv oblik gradnje. Međutim, upotrijebljeni materijali,
kvaliteta morta i kvaliteta izrade mogu značajno utjecati na trajnost cjelokupne zidane
konstrukcije.
Najvažnija karakteristika zidane konstrukcije je njena jednostavnost. Polaganje komada kamena,
opeke ili blokova jedan preko drugoga, sa ili bez povezivanja mortom, jednostavna je, ali
primjerena tehnika koja se uspješno koristi još od davnih vremena. Što se tiče konstrukcije, ona
se je razvijala tijekom vremena pa u novijoj gradnji imamo važne dodatke u vidu konstruktivnih
elemenata kao što su armirano-betonski serklaži koji znatno poboljšavaju nosivost i ponašanje
zidanog objekta pod vertikalnim i osobito horizontalnim opterećenjem, ali i armaturu korištenu u
samom ziđu pa možemo pričati o armiranom, nearmiranom ili omeđenom ziđu.
Adekvatan seizmički proračun i procjena ponašanja zidanih zgrada prilikom potresa izazovan je
zadatak, međutim razvitkom znanosti zidane konstrukcije postaju tip nosivih konstrukcija za
koju su normom određena jasna i precizna pravila protupotresne gradnje. |
| Abstract (english) | Masonry is the oldest building material that still finds wide use in today’s building industries.
Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound
together by mortar. The common materials of masonry construction are brick, building stone,
concrete block, aerated concrete block and glass block.
Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the
quality of the mortar and workmanship can substantially affect the durability of the overall
masonry construction.
The most important characteristic of masonry construction is its simplicity. Laying pieces of
stone, bricks or blocks on top of each other, either with or without cohesion via mortar, is a
simple, though adequate technique that has been successfully used ever since remote ages. As for
the construction, it has developed over time, so in recent construction we have important
additions in the form of constructive elements such as reinforced concrete cerclages, which
significantly improve the load-bearing capacity and behavior of the masonry object under
vertical and especially horizontal load, as well as the reinforcement used in the wall, so we can
talk about a reinforced, non-reinforced or bounded wall.
Adequate seismic design and assessment of the behavior of masonry buildings during an
earthquake is a challenging task, however, with the development of science, masonry structures
become a type of load-bearing structures for which clear and precise rules of earthquake-proof
construction are determined by the norm. |
