| Abstract | Ideja ovog rada je približiti relativno nov način oblaganja pročelja pomoću vegetacije. Prvi oblici ozelenjivanja građevina pojavljuju se još od legende o Semiramidinim visećim vrtovima, ali prvi postojeći dokazi vertikalnih vrtova vežu se za početak 20. stoljeća. Profesor Stanley Hart White prvi je patentirao zeleni oblik pročelja 1938. godine, takozvane 'botaničke cigle'. Iako njegov izum nije zaživio, 1986. godine francuski botaničar Patrick Blanc predstavlja svoj oblik ozelenjivanja pročelja poznatim pod nazivom 'živući zid'. Njegova ideja zainteresirala je javnost te danas oblikuje mnoga pročelja diljem svijeta. Posebnost živućeg zida proizlazi iz toga da je biljkama omogućen razvoj bez tla, a sadni medij predstavljaju tkanine obogaćene hranjivim tvarima. Razlikujemo više načina vertikalnog ozelenjivanja građevina, a osnovne dvije skupine su zelena pročelja i živući zidovi. Zelena pročelja dijelimo na izravna i neizravna dok živući zidovi mogu biti kontinuiranog ili modularnog sustava. Ovisno o sustavu razlikujemo: troškove gradnje i održavanja, izbor vrste biljaka, a time i brzinu potpunog ozelenjivanja zgrada. Omogućena je uporaba raznih biljnih vrsta tvoreći tako impresivne i jedinstvene oblike pročelja građevina. Zelena pročelja odgovor su i na mnoga ekološka pitanja današnjice, a priroda kao materijal njihova je najveća prednost. Visoki troškovi i nedostaci padaju u drugi plan naspram svih prednosti koje ova pročelja pružaju, a koje su detaljno opisane u radu. Zeleni oblici pročelja javljaju se u cijelom svijetu, a ponajviše u Europi. U visoko urbaniziranim gradovima zelena pročelja postaju sve poželjnijim arhitektonsko oblikovnim rješenjem te tvore atraktivna središta metropolitanskih područja. |
| Abstract (english) | The purpose of this paper is discussing a relatively anew usage of vegetation building cladding. The original greenery building set-ups appear back to the legendary Semiramis Hanging Gardens yet, the first existing evidence of vertical gardens, dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. Professor Stanley Hart White, as of 1938, was the first one to patenting facade´s green designs, introducing the so-called “Botanical Bricks”, under the name “Vegetation- Bearing Architectonic Structures and Systems”. Although that innovation was never executed, the French botanist Patrick Blanc, back in 1986, presented his own facade´s greening layout, known as the “Living Wall”. His idea captured the public´s attention though, nowadays, it appears on a significant number of all around the world´s facades. The extraordinary feature of living walls arises from the fact that soil for the plants´ growth is replaced by a fabric-made planting growing medium, enriched by nutrients. We distinguish several types of vertical greening´s buildings: the two basic groups therein are green facades and living walls. Green facades, in turn, are divided into direct and indirect schemes; the living walls arrangements can be of a continuous or a modular kind. Depending on the design, we differentiate construction and maintenance costs; plants’ choice; and the speed for the completion of facilities. It is always possible to use different plants´ species, creating impressive and unique buildings´ facades. Nowadays, green facades are the answer for many environmental issues, thus using natural substances, as an input, is their greatest advantage. High costs and other shortcomings reported by vertical greening are not substantial if compared with the merits offered by those facades as described in detail herein. Green facades’ setups appear all over the world, and mostly in Europe. In highly urbanized cities, green frontages are increasingly becoming a suitable architectural solution, hence creating appealing hubs for metropolitan areas. |
