Teški metali u otpadnim vodama: porijeklo, utejcaj i metode uklanjanja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Heavy metals in wastewater; origin, impact and methods of removal
• Author: Marta Perić
• Mentor: Domagoj Nakić (mentor)
• Committee member: Damjan Bujak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Domagoj Nakić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Potočki (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Civil Engineering; (Water Research); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2025-02-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Civil Engineering; Hydrotechnology

Abstract

Teški metali su kemijski elementi koji su prirodne komponente Zemljine kore. Čestice teških metala nisu biorazgradive i kao takve vrlo se lako akumuliraju u hranidbenom lancu i unutar živih organizama. Kancerogene su i teratogene, izazivajući abnormalnosti fiziološkog razvoja tijekom cijelog životnog vijeka u svim organizmima, uključujući i biljke.
Onečišćenje/zagađenje teškim metalima rastući je problem i jedno od temeljnih ekoloških pitanja svakoga društva. Prvenstveno je posljedica djelovanja čovjeka kroz kontinuitet tehnološkog razvoja i unaprjeđenja proizvodnih procesa, širokom primjenom teških metala u brojnim industrijama, poljoprivredi, kućanstvima, medicini i tehnologiji, ispuštanjem otpadnih voda u kojima su ovi metali sadržani.
U ovom radu prezentirani su najopasniji teški metali s aspekta izvorišta i toksičnosti, uz pregled metoda za utvrđivanje njihove prisutnosti, kao i najčešće korištenih metoda uklanjanja, odabir koji je u ovisnosti o vrsti teških metala, njihovoj koncentraciji u vodi, temperaturi i pH vrijednosti vode, ali i o njihovoj ekonomskoj prihvatljivosti, uz fokus na kvalitetu dobivenih rezultata i nisku razinu popratnih negativnih efekata na okoliš. Naglasak je dat na adsorpciju kao jednu od, u novije vrijeme, najkorištenijih metoda, s obzirom na jednostavnost implementacije, troškovno manja ulaganja i dokazano visoki kapacitet uklanjanja.

Abstract (english)

Heavy metals are chemical elements that are natural components of the earth's crust. Heavy metal particles are nonbiodegradable and as such very easily could be accumulated in the food chain and within living organisms. They are carcinogenic and teratogenic, causing physiological development abnormalities throughout the life in all organisms, including plants.
Heavy metal pollution is a growing problem and one of the fundamental ecological issues of every society. It is primarily consequence of human activities through continuity of technological developments and improvements of production processes, by wide use of these metals in numerous industries, agriculture, households, medicine and technology and the discharge of wastewater containing these metals.
This master thesis presents the most harmful heavy metals, from the aspect of their sources and toxicity, with an overview of methods used for their detection, as well as the most common used removal methods, the selection of which depends on the type of heavy metals, their concentration in the water, its temperature and pH value, as well as on their economic acceptability, with a focus on the quality of results obtained and acceptable level of accompanying possible negative effects on the environment. Emphasis is given to the adsorption as one of the recently most used method, given its implementation simplicity, lower cost of investment and proven high removal capacity.

• Keywords: teški metali; onečišćenje/zagađenje; otpadne vode; biorazgradnja; metode uklanjanja teških metala; adsorpcija
• Keywords (english): heavy metals; pollution; wastewater; biodegradation; removal methods; adsorption
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:237:555662
• Study programme: Title: Civil Engineering; specializations in: Construction Management, Transportation Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Structural Engineering, Construction Materials, Theory and Modeling of Structures; Course: Construction Management; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka građevinarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka građevinarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-03-12 11:38:48