Usporedba emisija stakleničkih plinova kao posljedica primjene različitih tehnologija pročišćavanja otpadnih voda

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of the application of different wastewater treatment technologies
• Author: Stela Babić
• Mentor: Domagoj Nakić (mentor)
• Committee member: Dražen Vouk (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Halkijević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Domagoj Nakić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Civil Engineering; (Water Research); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Civil Engineering; Hydrotechnology

Abstract

Nakon industrijske revolucije dolazi do izraženijih ljudskih aktivnosti unutar sektora kao što su promet, industrija i energetika. Takvi sektori bilježe značajni porast emisije štetnih plinova u atmosferu. Povećanjem koncentracije i ukupne količine stakleničkih plinova u atmosferi dolazi i do povećanja prosječne temperature Zemlje, tj. fenomena nazvanog globalno zatopljenje, koji za svoj glavni uzrok ima efekt (učinak) staklenika. Pojačani efekt staklenika karakterizira povećana koncentracija stakleničkih plinova u atmosferi, tj. plinova koji imaju sposobnost apsorpcije i refleksije Sunčevog infracrvenog zračenja. Uz izražene i česte klimatske promjene, bilježi se smanjenje kvalitete zraka, vode i tla u svijetu koje štetno djeluje na ljudski život, okoliš i prirodu. U svrhu zaštite planeta, zdravlja ljudi te očuvanja bioraznolikosti čelnici diljem svijeta donose strategije, akcije i zakone koji reguliraju ljudske djelatnosti te nastoje smanjiti emisiju štetnih tvari. Građevinski sektor navodi se kao jedan od sektora čije djelatnosti generiraju značajne količine stakleničkih plinova te na taj način doprinose efektu staklenika. Prateći smjernice i metodologije Europske investicijske banke (EIB) za određivanje utjecaja zahvata na okoliš i klimatske promjene, u ovom je radu objašnjena primjena metodologije za proračun ugljičnog otiska, odnosno ukupne emisije stakleničkih plinova na primjeru uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda koji koristi različite tehnologije pročišćavanja i zbrinjavanja mulja. Dobiveni rezultati poslužili su za odabir optimalnog rješenja u odnosu na potencijalne utjecaje na okoliš, odnosno onog rješenja s najmanjom emisijom stakleničkih plinova te najmanjim utjecajem na okoliš. Nakon izvršenog proračuna različita varijantna rješenja rezultiraju različitim količinama ukupne emisije stakleničkih plinova izražene u tonama CO2 ekvivalenta u godini (t CO2e/god.). Dobivene vrijednosti su u rasponu od 717,30 t CO2e/god. do čak 4 060,20 t CO2e/god. Najmanja emisija stakleničkih plinova generirana je tercijarnim pročišćavanjem otpadnih voda s anaerobnom digestijom uz zbrinjavanje mulja spaljivanjem te je iz tog razloga navedeno varijantno rješenje odabrano kao optimalno.

Abstract (english)

After the Industrial Revolution, human activities within sectors such as transport, industry and energy are becoming more enhanced. Sectors as such are recording significant increase in emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere. An increase in the concentration and total amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leads to an increase in the average temperature of the Earth and the phenomenon called global warming, which has the greenhouse effect as its main cause. Enhanced greenhouse effect is characterized by an increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, i.e. gases that have the ability to absorb and reflect the Sun's infrared radiation. In addition to pronounced and frequent climate changes, there is a decrease in the quality of air, water and soil in the world, which has a harmful effect on human life, the environment and nature. To protect the planet, human health and preserve biodiversity, leaders around the world are adopting strategies, actions and laws that regulate human activities and strive to reduce emissions of harmful substances. The construction sector is considered as one of the sectors whose activities generate significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions and thereby contribute to the greenhouse effect. Following the guidelines and methodologies of the European Investment Bank (EIB) for determining the impact of interventions on the environment and climate change, this paper explains the application of the methodology for calculating the carbon footprint, i.e. total greenhouse gas emissions, on the example of a wastewater treatment plant that uses different wastewater treatment and sludge disposal technologies. The obtained results were used to select the optimal solution in relation to potential impacts on the environment, that is, the solution with the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and the lowest impact on the environment. After the calculation, different variant solutions count different amounts of total greenhouse gas emissions expressed in tons of CO2 equivalent per year (t CO2e/year). The obtained values range from 717,30 t CO2e/year to as much as 4 060,20 t CO2e/year. The lowest emission of greenhouse gases was generated by the tertiary treatment of wastewater with anaerobic digestion with disposal of sludge by incineration, so this variant solution was chosen as optimal.

• Keywords: globalno zatopljenje; efekt staklenika; emisija stakleničkih plinova; pročišćavanje otpadnih voda; utjecaj na okoliš
• Keywords (english): global warming; greenhouse effect; greenhouse gas emissions; wastewater treatment; impact on the environment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:237:057419
• Study programme: Title: Civil Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka građevinarstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka građevinarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-24 09:35:13